Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Climate Change Adaptation in Indigenous Communities

Abstract

Climate change has intensified environmental challenges faced by indigenous communities, highlighting the importance of understanding how Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) contributes to locally grounded adaptation strategies. This study examines the role of TEK in strengthening climate change adaptation through a qualitative multiple-case study involving four indigenous communities. Data were collected through 48 semi-structured interviews, four focus group discussions, participant observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis with cross-case comparison to identify common patterns and contextual differences. The findings reveal five interconnected dimensions of indigenous climate adaptation: traditional ecological forecasting, customary institutions and adaptive governance, intergenerational knowledge transmission, community-based ecosystem management, and the integration of TEK with scientific climate adaptation. These dimensions collectively enhance community resilience by supporting sustainable natural resource management, strengthening adaptive governance, and improving responses to climate-related risks. The study contributes to the literature by proposing an integrated conceptual framework that positions TEK as a dynamic socioecological system rather than merely a form of cultural heritage. The findings also emphasize the importance of incorporating indigenous knowledge into climate adaptation policies through collaborative governance that recognizes customary institutions as key partners in achieving sustainable and locally appropriate adaptation outcomes.