Cardioprotective Role of Malus domestica Peel Phytochemicals in Myocardial Infarction: A Review

Abstract

Myocardial infarction is a major cardiovascular disorder associated with inadequate coronary blood flow and progressive myocardial injury. Ischemia and subsequent reperfusion can cause oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte death. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species further aggravates cellular damage and disturbs normal cardiac function. Malus domestica (apple) is a rich source of biologically active compounds, with the peel containing considerable amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other phytoconstituents. Compounds such as quercetin, catechins, phloridzin, isoquercitrin, and ursolic acid have been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The reviewed evidence suggests that these constituents may help reduce oxidative stress, regulate inflammatory signaling, and support mitochondrial function. Overall, the available literature indicates that the combined action of apple peel phytochemicals may contribute to protection against myocardial damage.