Positive narrative writing reduces music performance anxiety more effectively than traumatic narrative

Abstract

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a multidimensional construct that may impair performance quality and mental health, depending on individual and contextual factors. Current interventions are often costly, require specialized expertise, or lack feasibility. Expressive writing intervention (EWI) is low-cost and easy to implement. This study randomly assigned 120 music students with high MPA to three 3-day writing conditions: positive narrative (describing successful performances), traumatic narrative (describing stressful performances), or neutral control. MPA was measured pre- and post-intervention using the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory, and writing content was qualitatively analyzed. Results showed that positive narrative significantly reduced MPA (mean decrease = 35.27, p < 0.01), traumatic narrative also reduced MPA but less so (mean decrease = 21.55, p < 0.01), while the control group showed no change (p > 0.05). Qualitative analysis identified personal, repertoire, and situational stressors. These findings indicate that the content of expressive writing matters: positive narrative writing is more effective than traumatic narrative in alleviating MPA.