Design and Implementation of a Smart Battery Management System for Renewable Energy Storage Systems

Abstract

The design and implementation of battery management system (BMS) is presented in this paper, this BMS is for solar photovoltaic applications. The layout employs a microcontroller-based monitoring unit, a lithium-ion battery, and a DC-DC converter to ensure the battery's safety and to maximize the energy available. The proposed BMS monitors key battery metrics such as voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH). To improve the efficiency of the solar panel, a perturb and observe (P&O) based MPPT method is used so that maximum power can be extracted under different conditions and the battery can be charged more effectively. The system performance was checked using both simulation and hardware setup. From the results, it can be observed that the DC link voltage remains nearly constant and the output voltage is properly maintained. Also, the state of charge (SOC) increases gradually as the battery charges. The hardware prototype further shows that the system works properly under real-time conditions. In addition, a GSM module is included for real-time monitoring and to send alerts whenever any abnormal condition occurs. Overall, this work shows that the system can be used as a low-cost and practical solution for battery management in solar applications.