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Phytoassisted synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract

Aug 2026 · IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment · Vol 1662 · 0 citations · 21 references
Physics

Abstract

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant-based resources has gained increasing attention due to its environmental compatibility and cost effectiveness. In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized using aqueous Citrus sinensis peel extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and quinones, which facilitated nanoparticle formation. The effects of peel mass, extraction temperature, and extraction time on nanoparticle yield were systematically investigated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, particle size analysis, FESEM, EDX, and XRD. Results revealed the formation of predominantly hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with rhombohedral morphology and an average particle size of approximately 138 nm. The presence of Fe–O vibrational bands and characteristic absorption at 203 nm further confirmed nanoparticle formation. This study demonstrates the valorization of citrus peel waste for sustainable nanomaterial synthesis.

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