Associations between adipokines and arterial hypertension in young people

Abstract

Adipokines and inflammatory cytokines play a key role in the regulation of metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular processes. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension (AH) opens up new opportunities for understanding the mechanisms of disease development and developing personalized approaches to its prevention and treatment. These molecules are of particular importance in young patients aged 25–45 years, in whom AH may be latent and require more sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of the study was to analyze current data on the role of adipokines and cytokines in the pathophysiology of AH, with an emphasis on their diagnostic and prognostic value. Material and methods . The analysis used the results of preclinical and clinical studies published between 1986 and 2026. The review included data from PubMed and Google Scholar, taking into account the age range of 18–45 years. Results . Proinflammatory adipokines such as visfatin, resistin, PAI-1, lipocalin-2, as well as cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, demonstrate a close relationship with the development of hypertension, especially in the presence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions . Adipokines and inflammatory cytokines represent an important group of biomarkers that can improve early diagnosis, risk stratification and prediction of therapy effectiveness in patients with hypertension. The presented data emphasize the need for further prospective studies to clarify the mechanisms of action of these molecules and their clinical significance, especially in the young population.