Correlation between Sleep Quality (PSQI) and Depression Level (GDS) among Elderly at Panti Werdha Soerya

Abstract

Background: Institutionalized elderly populations face a heightened risk of sleep-architecture disruption and depressive disorders due to environmental transitions, loss of autonomy, and psychological stress; this relationship had not previously been examined among nursing-home residents in East Java. Objective: To analyze the correlation between sleep quality (PSQI) and depression level (GDS-15) among elderly residents of Panti Werdha Soerya Surabaya, while evaluating physical covariates (functional independence and nutritional status) within the framework of SDG 3. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study used total sampling to enrol 49 elderly subjects aged ≥60 years. Functional independence was assessed with the Barthel Index and nutritional status with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA); data were analyzed using the chi-square test with contingency coefficient (α = 0.05). Results: Poor sleep quality was found in 46.9% of subjects and depression in 30.6%. Among subjects with poor sleep quality, 73.3% experienced depression compared with 26.7% among those with good sleep quality (p = 0.032; C = 0.301). No significant association was found between sleep quality and age, sex, functional independence, or nutritional status (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Sleep quality among institutionalized elderly is governed more strongly by psychological status than by physical or demographic variables, underscoring the importance of early depression screening and structured sleep-hygiene protocols, in support of SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being).