Monitoring the Technical Condition of Gearboxes in High-Power "Kirovets" Tractors Using Telematics Systems

Abstract

The article addresses the problem of improving the operational reliability of gearboxes in high power Kirovets tractors (series K 701–K 7M) through instrumental monitoring of the load on hydro clutch couplings — the main life determining component of the transmission. An analysis of gearbox component reliability, the evolution of friction materials and lubricant compositions, and the distribution of tractor operating time across various agricultural operations is presented. It is shown that the traditional accounting of operating time in engine hours does not reflect the actual load on individual units. A prototype monitoring system developed by specialists of the FSBSI FNAC VIM is described; it is based on Galileosky 7x telematics terminals and integrates gear engagement counters, a flow meter, and sensors for monitoring clutch disc slippage. The feasibility of transitioning to the advanced Galileosky 10 platform is substantiated: it supports CAN FD, offers an increased number of analog inputs, provides a significantly larger non volatile memory capacity, and enables flexible programmable diagnostic logic. The proposed solutions are shown to comply with the requirements of GOST 20793 2023 and GOST 35318 2025 regarding online monitoring of technical condition and operating time accounting using onboard control systems.