Phytochemical Variability in Two Cocoyam Varieties Grown in Port Harcourt

Abstract

The comparative analysis of the phytochemical profiles of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma sagittifolium, two underutilized tuber crops with potential nutritional and medicinal applications, was studied. The research was carried out at the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt and investigation focused on determining levels of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and oxalates in both species. Results revealed that Colocasia esculenta had higher concentrations of saponins (0.682%), tannins (0.0001235%), and alkaloids (1.065%), indicating it’s potential for stronger therapeutic benefits, especially in traditional medicine. In contrast, Xanthosoma sagittifolium exhibited higher flavonoid content (2.76%), suggesting superior antioxidant properties, though it also had a higher oxalate content (0.558%). The study concludes that both plants offer valuable contributions to health, with Colocasia esculenta being more suitable for medicinal purposes and Xanthosoma sagittifolium for antioxidant intake. It is recommended that the use of these plants based on their phytochemical strengths is promoted and additional research on the bioavailability and safety of their compounds be conducted.