PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIFUNGAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PHLOMIS OLIVIERI BENTH. GROWS WILDLY IN SULAYMANIYAH–IRAQ

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, antifungal and biological activity of leaves and flowers of Phlomis olivieri Benth, which were collected from Qaradagh at Sulaimanyah province, during May 2021 at flowering stage. The results showed that the highest content of total phenolic and flavonoid contents,  essential oil yield  and antioxidant activity were found in the leaves  compared with the flowers .HPLC analysis of  phenolic compounds showed that  P.olivieri  leaves had the highest concentrations of Gallic acid, Apigenin , Rutin, Coumaric acid, Kampferol and Luteolin compared with  the flowers and the predominant  compound was Gallic acid in both plant parts .According to  the  GC analysis of essential oils indicated that the highest values of (Germacrene D, α-pinene, Myrcene, β- selinene, Caryophyllene , and Llinalool )were in leaves and the major compound was Germacrene D in both plant parts .  Phlomis olivieri leaves ethanolic extract have a protective effect against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity and ensure cellular protection of hepatic tissues in rats.