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Scalable process development for large-area and flexible perovskite modules using integrated slot-die coating and drying technologies

Oct 2026 · Organic, Hybrid, and Perovskite Photovoltaics XXVII · pp. 16 · 0 citations

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells are widely regarded as promising next-generation photovoltaic technologies due to their high efficiency potential and low-temperature processing. However, scaling laboratory-scale devices to large-area, manufacturable modules—particularly on flexible substrates—remains a critical challenge. This work presents a full process development approach for large-area rigid and flexible perovskite modules, focusing on scalable slot-die coating and drying technologies. All core coating and drying equipment were developed in-house to ensure process uniformity, reproducibility, and scalability. Using pilot lines with substrate sizes of 300 × 300 mm² and 1200 × 600 mm², reproducible efficiencies of approximately 22% were achieved at the smaller scale, while rigid and flexible modules exceeding 20% efficiency were demonstrated at the large-area scale. In addition, simplified C60-free device architectures were evaluated for manufacturability and performance. The results demonstrate a viable manufacturing-oriented pathway toward industrial-scale perovskite module production.

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