Assessing the potential of agri-waste coarse aggregates for sustainable concrete production in Ghana

Abstract

The increasing adoption of alternative construction materials is central to advancing sustainability in the construction industry, particularly in developing countries where agricultural waste presents both an environmental challenge and a resource opportunity. This study examined the factors influencing the preparedness of construction professionals in Ghana to adopt agricultural-waste coarse aggregates (AWCA) for sustainable concrete production. Specifically, the study assessed professionals’ knowledge and awareness of AWCA, their perceptions and intentions toward its use, as well as the key drivers and barriers affecting adoption. A structured questionnaire was administered to construction professionals, yielding 260 valid responses. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The results indicate that while respondents exhibited moderate awareness of AWCA, their technical understanding of material processing, testing requirements, and performance standards was limited. Perceptions toward AWCA were generally cautious, with concerns related to durability, contamination risks, client acceptance, and the lack of local demonstration projects. SEM results showed that both knowledge and perception significantly influenced professionals’ intention to adopt AWCA, with perception emerging as the stronger predictor. The study further identified major barriers to adoption, including the absence of standards, inadequate testing infrastructure, supply-chain challenges, and limited policy support. These constraints persist despite the recognised environmental benefits of AWCA. The study concludes that improving AWCA adoption in Ghana requires targeted professional capacity-building initiatives, locally validated demonstration projects, and clear regulatory guidelines. Strengthening partnerships between academia and industry is also critical for building trust, reducing uncertainty, and advancing circular material practices. Overall, the findings highlight the transformative potential of agricultural waste utilisation in Ghana’s built environment.