Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in Mexican Women: 11-Year Clinical, Imaging, and Pathology Review.

INTRODUCTION Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory breast disease that mimics malignancy, often leading to delayed diagnosis and mismanagement. Data on IGM in Latin American populations are scarce.

Materials And Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 39 women diagnosed with IGM between 2013 and 2024 at a specialized breast center in Mexico. Clinical, radiological, pathological, and treatment data were extracted from records. All patients provided informed consent for participation in the study. Patient confidentiality was maintained throughout the study, and all data were analyzed in a deidentified manner.

Results

The mean age was 35 y; 91.9% were premenopausal and 79.5% had a history of pregnancy. Palpable mass (66.7%), pain (61.5%), and fistulas (33.3%) were common. Ultrasound revealed hypoechoic tubular lesions in 70.8%. Histology confirmed non-necrotizing granulomas in 92.3%, with frequent squamous metaplasia and plasmacytic infiltration. Corticosteroids were used in 94.9%; surgery in 5.1%. At 12 mo, 87.1% showed remission; 51.3% had residual breast deformity.

Conclusions

IGM in Mexican women presented with hallmark histological features but often at advanced stages. Early diagnosis is key to reducing long-term cosmetic sequelae.