Public-Private Partnerships and Housing Service Delivery: A Comparative Analysis of Policy and Institutional Frameworks in Rivers State and Lagos State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study examined public-private partnerships (PPPs) and housing service delivery in Rivers State and Lagos State from 2015 to 2025, with particular emphasis on PPP policy and institutional frameworks. The study adopted the public private partnerships theoretical framework and a survey research design. The population comprised 24,391,373 residents of the two states, from which a sample of 400 respondents was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula and distributed equally between Rivers State and Lagos State. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was employed to select respondents from relevant PPP stakeholder groups. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, while validity was established through face and content validation. Reliability analysis produced a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.892 and a test-retest Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.873. Of the 400 questionnaires distributed, 390, representing 97.5%, were correctly completed and retrieved for analysis. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, weighted means and standard deviations. The findings revealed that PPP policy frameworks significantly influenced housing service delivery, with Lagos State demonstrating stronger policy consistency, regulatory support and implementation than Rivers State. The study also established that institutional frameworks significantly influenced housing service delivery, with Lagos State recording stronger institutional coordination, collaboration between government agencies and private developers, and administrative support. The study concluded that effective PPP policy and institutional frameworks were critical to improving housing service delivery. It recommended stronger legislation, regulatory consistency, policy implementation and enforcement, together with improved institutional coordination, stakeholder consultation and capacity development in both states.