Cutting-edge Technologies and Advances in Pediatric Laparoscopic Surgery

Abstract

Laparoscopic surgery has significantly transformed pediatric surgery by replacing open procedures with minimally invasive techniques that help reduce tissue trauma, postoperative pain, and scarring. The objective: to conduct a systematic analysis of current advances in pediatric laparoscopic surgery, evaluate the efficacy and safety of the latest techniques, and determine the role of innovative technologies, including single-port, minilaparoscopic, robotic surgery, and augmented reality (AR) methods. Materials and methods. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Publications from 2014 to 2025 listed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were analyzed using keywords related to pediatric laparoscopy, LESS techniques (laparoendoscopic single-site surgery), mini-laparoscopy, robotic surgery, AR, and 3D visualization. The analysis included studies involving patients under 18 years of age that described new laparoscopic techniques. Of the 552 records identified, 63 studies met the inclusion criteria. Due to methodological heterogeneity among the included studies, a descriptive synthesis of the results was carried out. Results. Modern technologies have expanded the possibilities of minimally invasive surgery in children. The LESS technique allows surgeries to be performed through a single umbilical incision, resulting in improved cosmetic outcomes and faster recovery. Mini-laparoscopy using instruments with a diameter of 2–3 mm offers significant advantages in newborns and infants. Robotic systems, particularly the da Vinci system, enhance the precision of reconstructive procedures thanks to improved visualization and maneuverability. AR and 3D modeling improve surgical planning and intraoperative navigation in complex clinical cases. The main limitations remain the high cost of equipment and the need for specialized training of surgeons. Conclusions. The integration of LESS techniques, mini-laparoscopy, robotics, and modern imaging systems contributes to the development of ultra-minimally invasive pediatric surgery, improving treatment outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Further development of technologies, professional training of specialists, and increasing the availability of equipment are necessary conditions for the widespread introduction of these methods.