Prevalence, Severity, and Associated Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome among Undergraduate Medical Students in Peshawar: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the CVS-Q Questionnaire

Abstract

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), also called Digital Eye Strain (DES), is one of the most common diseases and health concerns in the current digital age, particularly in individuals with prolonged screen time. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of Computer Vision Syndrome among the undergraduate medical students of Peshawar by the CVS-Q Questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 227 undergraduate medical students from June 2025 to November 2025. Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) was used for data collection through a convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 227 medical students participated (45.4% males, 54.6% females; mean age 21.3±1.8years). The prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) was 60.4%, with mild, moderate, and severe CVS being 41.4%, 15.0%, and 4.0%, respectively. CVS was significantly higher in students of public institutions (66.4% vs 48.7%, p=0.010) and continuous screen users (p=0.031). Anti-glare filter use was associated with lower CVS prevalence (p=0.007). Binary logistic regression identified institution type, continuous screen use, and anti-glare/blue-light filter use as independent factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome. Conclusions: Prolonged, uninterrupted screen use and studying in public institutions were major contributors to CVS. Despite moderate awareness, gaps in preventive practices were also observed.