Triblock Terpolymer Synthesis and Self-Assembly for Next-Generation Membrane Fabrication: A Review

Abstract

Triblock terpolymers are an adaptable class of materials for fabricating next-generation membranes due to their self-assembling nature into highly ordered morphologies with tunable physicochemical properties. The three chemically distinct blocks enable precise control over morphology, functionality, and interfacial characteristics, thereby offering a pathway to overcome the longstanding permeability–selectivity trade-off and fouling. This review examines advances in the synthesis of suitable triblock terpolymers for membrane fabrication, with special focus on controlled/living polymerization techniques. Beyond synthetic strategies, the interplay between molecular architecture, block composition, and self-assembly behavior governing membrane morphology and performance was established. Several design parameters, such as block sequence, molecular weight distribution, hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, and end-group functionality, can be systematically optimized. Importantly, this work identifies the lack of predictive design frameworks, insufficient structure–performance correlations, and challenges associated with triblock terpolymer synthesis. By integrating insights across polymer chemistry and membrane engineering, this review proposes that the design of suitable high-performance triblock terpolymer membranes will involve the incorporation and development of multifunctional, stimuli-responsive polymer units. The findings highlight future opportunities in hybrid material integration, data-driven polymer design, and sustainable synthesis routes, thereby providing a roadmap for advancing triblock terpolymer membrane technologies.