Comparative Analysis of National Approaches to Cybersecurity in the Context of International Law

Abstract

[Purpose] To compare the national cybersecurity strategies of Lithuania, Finland, and Ukraine and to analyse their legal foundations in the context of international law. [Methodology/approach/design] Comparative, terminological and hermeneutical methods were used in the study. [Findings] The study examined the relationship between cybersecurity and cyber threats, which are integral parts of cyberspace security. It identified the most relevant types of cyber threats and their content. The study analysed the legal acts related to the security of the information space of Lithuania, Finland, and Ukraine. The study revealed significant differences in the national approaches to cybersecurity in these countries Lithuania, as a member of the European Union and NATO, maintains a stable cybersecurity policy; Finland, in turn, has strengthened its cyber resilience through NATO membership and expanded international cooperation; and Ukraine, which is under martial law, remains under constant threat of cyber-attacks by Russia, and must respond and adapt rapidly. [Practical implications] A comparative table of national approaches to the information space in Lithuania, Finland, and Ukraine was developed, and the main aspects that differ were identified. In particular, the findings emphasised the importance of creating an effective regulatory framework and harmonising it with current international standards and treaties. [Originality/value] The study also determined that the geopolitical position of the state and international cooperation on this issue have a decisive influence on the formation and implementation of state strategies for cyber defence.