Effects of a Multicomponent Community-Based Intervention Program on Cognitive, Physical, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Experimental Study.

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults is associated with cognitive decline, reduced independence, and lower quality of life. Early multidimensional interventions may help slow this progression.

Objective

This study examined the short-term effects of an 8-week Multicomponent Community-Based Intervention Program, integrating physical exercise, creative arts, and psychoeducation on cognitive function, physical performance, and psychosocial well-being in older adults with MCI.

Methods

A single-group experimental study included 29 older adults diagnosed with MCI. Multi-Community-Based Intervention Program involved weekly or biweekly 5-hr sessions led by a multidisciplinary team of physiotherapists, a gerontologist, a geriatrician, and other experts. The program comprised: (1) exercise workshops (music-based exercise, exergaming, Pilates, Nordic walking, dance therapy, cognitive and exercises); (2) art-based workshops (calligraphy, soap/candle making, and culinary arts); and (3) educational sessions on caregiving, fall prevention, assistive technology, and community resources. Cognitive performance was assessed via Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, physical fitness via handgrip strength and flexibility, physical activity via metabolic equivalent scores and calories burned, and psychosocial well-being via CASP-19 and qualitative interviews.

Results

Significant improvements were observed in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (p = .036), flexibility (p = .021), and physical activity (p < .05). Quality of life scores improved, though not statistically significant. Interviews indicated enhanced emotional satisfaction, social engagement, and motivation to continue activities.

Conclusion

Multi-Community-Based Intervention Program is a feasible and beneficial approach for supporting cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health in older adults with MCI. Significance/Implications: Community-based, multidomain interventions integrating physical, cognitive, and psychosocial components may promote functional independence and quality of life, highlighting the potential for scalable preventive strategies in aging populations.