The dynamic transition from short-term physiological stress responses to long-term genetic adaptation in cattle under high-altitude hypoxic conditions is clarified, providing novel insights into the hypoxic adaptation mechanisms of ruminants.
Abstract
Simple Summary Lowland cattle introduced to high altitudes must rapidly adjust to oxygen shortage, whereas Tibetan cattle have adapted over many generations. We compared lowland Holsteins, highland-acclimatized Holsteins, and native Tibetan cattle. Highland-acclimatized Holsteins showed increased RBC, HGB, and blood-viscosity-related measures, indicating enhanced oxygen transport but possible circulatory costs. Tibetan cattle showed a more restrained blood response. Gene-expression analyses of the heart, liver, and lung revealed organ-specific responses involving energy metabolism, immune regulation, and cellular maintenance. GNB1 and SLAMF7 were identified as candidate genes associated with vascular and immune responses, respectively. These findings show that short-term acclimatization and long-term adaptation involve distinct physiological and molecular strategies and provide useful information for breeding and managing cattle in high-altitude regions.
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BACKGROUND
Most studies of high-altitude adaptation in animals have focused on the heart, lung, blood, and skeletal muscle, whereas systematic evidence regarding metabolism-related expression changes in the pituitary remains limited. The pituitary is an energy-demanding neuroendocrine organ characterized by active gluc...
Feng-Yu Mao, Xia Liu, Xiao-Hua Du et al.· Frontiers in Bioscience· 0 citations
The Min pig, a unique local breed in northeastern China, exhibits exceptional cold resistance. However, the renal adaptive mechanisms underlying this trait under long-term cold stimulation remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of long-term cold stimulation on renal structure, antioxidant function, purine...
Guo-Dong Sun, Chao-Yue Zhao, Ze Wang et al.· Journal of Thermal Biology· 0 citations
These findings identify distinct but overlapping phases of early HH acclimatization, progressing from stress and innate immune activation to lymphocyte-specific and redox remodeling and indicating that molecular adaptation extends beyond detectable systemic inflammatory activation.
A. Giannella, S. Mrakic-Sposta, A. Vezzoli et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and play important roles in physiological responses to hypoxia, particularly in the cardiovascular system. However, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in cardiopulmonary tissues during high-altitude adaptation remain poorly understood. Tibetan pig...
Xiao-Lu Qu, Tian-Li Ding, Xi-Zi Li et al.· Animal Genetics· 0 citations
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