Design and Development of 3D-Printed Models for Limb Joint Motion Simulation

Abstract

This paper details the design, fabrication, and evaluation of three innovative mechatronic systems for simulating lower limb joint motion, with a focus on the hip, knee, and ankle, using 3D printing and advanced control techniques. Fabricated using CATIA V5 designs and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology, the models incorporate distinct actuation strategies: a rack-and-pinion mechanism, a streamlined planetary gear system, and an anatomically inspired pulley-cable system. In addition, comprehensive modelling and simulation of an exoskeleton mechanism were performed to establish critical functional parameters. Electronic control is realized via ATmega328p microcontroller coupled with DRV8825 drivers. The proposed electronic system offers improved reliability, customization and minimizes the wiring required in the mechatronic structure. The integration of simulation results, rigorous mechanical design, and precise electronic control demonstrates significant potential for applications in rehabilitation, training, and biomechanical research.