ENDOMETRIOSIS AND WOMEN'S QUALITY OF LIFE: CURRENT EVIDENCE ON EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic, systemic, and estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial stroma and glands outside the uterine cavity. This condition affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age, resulting in profound repercussions on physical, psycho-emotional, sexual, and socioeconomic health. The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the etiopathogenesis, neurobiological mechanisms of pain, advances in non-invasive diagnostic methods, and clinical, surgical, and multidisciplinary management strategies. The methodology employed consists of an exhaustive narrative literature review based on national and international consensus statements and guidelines. Evidence indicates that the historical diagnostic delay (ranging from 7 to 10 years) perpetuates the anatomical progression of the disease, oxidative stress, and the process of central pain sensitization, culminating in chronic pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, infertility, and loss of productivity. It is concluded that the consolidation of non-invasive diagnostic protocols (transvaginal ultrasound with mapping and magnetic resonance imaging), combined with an individualized, patient-centered therapeutic plan supported by a multidisciplinary team, is crucial for reducing the negative impact on quality of life and restoring overall well-being.