Quantitative assessment of Pb and Cd bioaccumulation in Adolescents from Industrial regions via Biomarker-based surveillance
Abstract
Due to fast industrialization and environmental restrictions, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposure in emerging nations is a major public health issue. This research examined Pb and Cd exposure and δ-ALAD (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) activity in Kasna, Okhla, and Bawana populations in industrial sites. The research investigated δ-ALAD activity in adolescents from industrial areas where the total number of adolescents were n=37 as the exposed population, while the control population were n=40. The target age group is 10-19 years. Exposed populations showed substantial increases in blood and urine Pb (e.g., Lead-exposed males: blood Pb 268.30 μg/dL vs. 62.60 μg/dL in controls) and Cd (e.g., Cadmium-exposed males: blood Cd 107.26 μg/dL vs. 25.04 μg/dL in controls). Urinary ALA, a measure of heme synthesis disruption, was considerably greater in Pb-exposed males (190.55 μmol ALA utilized/min/L) and Cd-exposed males (76.22 mg/L vs. 19.24 mg/L in controls). Activated Erythrocyte-ALAD activity was comparatively less constant while ALA accumulation demonstrated that both heavy metals disrupt the pathway of heme synthesis. SOD and CAT activities were significantly elevated in the exposed group that indicated a stimulation in antioxidant upregulation. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and strong relationship blood Pb and urinary ALA, and between combined metal exposure and SOD and CAT elevation.