Development of the Snake and Ladder Game as a Medium in Group Guidance to Build Students' Positive Self-Concept

Abstract

This study aims to develop a Snakes and Ladders game as a medium in group counseling services to build a positive self-concept for MAN Tebing Tinggi students and to determine the feasibility and practicality of the developed media. The research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), limited to the Develop stage. The needs analysis involved 126 tenth-grade students through a self-concept scale, a media needs questionnaire, and interviews with the Guidance and Counseling teacher. A limited trial involved 8 students selected using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively through score percentages. The analysis results showed that 57 students (45.24%) had a high self-concept, 31 students (24.60%) had a medium level, and 38 students (30.16%) had a low level. The developed media consists of a game board, pieces, dice, activity cards, reflection cards, reflection sheets, and a guidebook. Expert validation for the media scored 74%, which is considered feasible, while content expert validation scored 81.67%, which is considered very feasible. Practicality tests showed 93% based on responses from guidance counselors and 86% based on student responses, both falling into the very practical category. Therefore, the developed snakes and ladders game is deemed suitable and very practical to be used as a supporting medium in group guidance services to help build students' positive self-concept. This study has not tested the effectiveness of the media causally, so further research with an experimental or pre-test–post-test design is needed.