Disparities in α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Testing and Treatment in US Adults

Abstract

Key Points Question What factors are associated with α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) testing and augmentation therapy among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or asthma? Findings In this cohort study of more than 2 million individuals with COPD and/or asthma, only 5.8% underwent AATD testing, and 3.7% of those who received a diagnosis were prescribed augmentation therapy. AATD testing and treatment were lower among older individuals, those actively using tobacco, patients from minoritized racial and ethnic groups, and those facing longer drive times to specialty care. Meaning In this study, AATD testing and treatment were low, indicating that system-level reforms are needed to bridge gaps driven by sociodemographic, clinical, and health care access.