Controle pressórico e risco cardiovascular em pacientes acompanhados na atenção primária

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and its control remains an important challenge for Primary Health Care. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients followed in Primary Health Care, considering factors related to treatment adherence, clinical follow-up, and healthcare strategies. This was an integrative literature review with a descriptive and qualitative approach, conducted through searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Studies published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, addressing hypertension control, cardiovascular risk, and interventions developed within primary care were considered. After the identification, screening, and eligibility assessment stages, studies addressing therapeutic standardization, medication adherence, multidisciplinary care, health education, blood pressure self-monitoring, and the use of digital technologies were analyzed. The results demonstrated that blood pressure control depends on multiple factors and is not exclusively related to pharmacological treatment. Low treatment adherence, difficulties in longitudinal follow-up, and barriers related to patients and healthcare services were important obstacles to adequate control. Conversely, multidisciplinary interventions, nurse-led follow-up, self-monitoring, digital tools, and structured education and communication strategies showed promising results. It is concluded that Primary Health Care plays a fundamental role in preventing cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension. Integrated, continuous, individualized, and patient-centered strategies may improve blood pressure control and contribute to reducing cardiovascular risk.