Hipertensión arterial y calidad de vida en pacientes adultos con aplicación del instrumento CHAL en centros asistenciales de Atención Primaria.

Abstract

The impact of arterial hypertension on patient quality of life has established a critical need for comprehensive intervention within primary healthcare units. Consequently, it is essential to determine frequent mood alterations and somatic manifestations in hypertensive patients through the application of the CHAL (Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensión Arterial) instrument to evaluate the quality of life of these users. This inquiry stems from the gap between the necessity of holistic patient assessment and the impracticality of implementing lengthy questionnaires like CHAL in clinical practice. This study consists of a literature review conducted under the PRISMA guidelines, incorporating 23 scientific articles retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO databases. Results indicate that the questionnaire addresses two primary dimensions: mood—dominated by anxiety, sadness, depression, and illness-related worry—and somatic manifestations, where headache, fatigue, dizziness, and general malaise are frequently reported, highlighting the requirement for integrated care. In conclusion, applying this questionnaire in hypertensive patients identifies mental alterations and somatic symptoms associated with diminished quality of life, decreased therapeutic adherence, and deficient blood pressure control, reinforcing the need for a holistic approach to clinical management.