Management of Infraoccluded Primary Teeth: A Review

Abstract

This review comprehensively examines the etiology, clinical and radiographic features, classifica-tion, prevalence, and treatment strategies of infraocclusion in primary molars based on current literature. Infraocclusion is characterized by the subocclusal positioning of a tooth relative to adjacent teeth and is frequently associated with ankylosis. Clinically, it may lead to biting surface disharmony, tilting of neighboring teeth, and aesthetic concerns. Radiographic findings typically include narrowing of the periodontal ligament space and root resorption. Etiological factors include genetic predisposition, local trauma, and disruptions in the periodontal membrane. Diag-nosis requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical examination, digital imaging, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The choice of therapeutic strategy largely depends on the presence of a permanent successor tooth and the severity of ankylosis. In cases with a permanent successor, observation and proper timing are emphasized, whereas in agenesis cases, long-term retention with restorative support or extraction followed by orthodontic or prosthetic rehabilitation may be required. In conclusion, the management of infraoccluded primary molars demands an individualized and interdisciplinary strategy to preserve oral health and minimize long-term orthodontic complications.