SIGNALING PATHWAYS: A KEY TO UNLOCKING NEW TREATMENTS FOR SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME

Abstract

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of exocrine glands, leading to debilitating dryness of the eyes and mouth, alongside systemic manifestations. This review elucidates the complex interplay of immunological, genetic, and environmental factors underlying SS pathogenesis, highlighting the essential roles of various autoantibodies and cytokines, particularly those within the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. A keen focus is placed on the adaptive immune response, where activated T and B cells drive chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Additionally, the review examines the dysregulation of intrinsic cellular signaling mechanisms, including the Hippo and Akt pathways, emphasizing their contributions to cellular polarity and structural integrity in salivary glands. The current therapeutic landscape is critically assessed, noting the limited efficacy of existing treatments and the emerging potential of JAK inhibitors to simultaneously target multiple inflammatory pathways, thus paving the way for more precise and effective management strategies. By integrating insights from recent research, this paper advocates for a multi-target therapeutic approach in SS, aiming to mitigate the intricate cytokine network and restore glandular function, ultimately improving patient outcomes