Cyber-Resilient Frequency Control of Time Delayed Hybrid Power System Using Physics Informed Modified Ratio-Control-Assisted Virtual Inertia

Abstract

Cyber-attacks and communication time delay (CTD) present a great challenge to frequency regulation in a hybrid power system (HPS) of thermal and wind plants, where wind power variability and load disturbances can result in poor performance or even system instability under extreme circumstances. The present paper suggests a powerful proportional-integral (PI) controller that can be used to reduce the negative impact of CTD, and an intelligent fuzzy logic-assisted modified ratio-control-based virtual inertia (VI) scheme to address Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. A physics-inspired Kepler Optimization Algorithm (KOA) is used to optimally tune the controller parameters, and the Kharitonov theorem is used to ascertain the extremal limits that guarantee robust stability. The efficiency of the suggested control solution is confirmed in various practical situations, namely, cyber-attacks, stochastic wind energy fluctuations, industrial and residential load variations, as well as system nonlinearities, e.g., governor dead band (GDB), valve limits, and generation rate constraint (GRC). Finally, the obtained results reveal the enhanced performance of proposed controller over existing control architectures.