Scalable 24-GHz Beam-Steered Wireless Power Transfer System With Multinode Coverage

Qi-Zhou Che Chang-Jun Liu Wan-Chen Yang Xue-Xia Yang Tao Luo Ding-Yuan Zeng Chao Li Yi-Xi Tang Xiang Pu Quan Xue Wen-Quan Che

Oct 2026 · IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques · Vol 74, pp. 9271-9286 · 0 citations · 52 references

Abstract

A scalable 24-GHz beam-steered wireless power transfer (WPT) system is presented for spatially distributed low-power Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. The transmitter employs a unilateral phased oscillator chain (POC) architecture to generate programmable multisource phases without using RF phase shifters, enabling modular source scaling with reduced synchronization complexity. The four-source transmitter is integrated with a compact $4\times 4$ substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) phased array, which achieves a gain of 17.5 dBi. The implemented system achieves an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) above 49 dBm at 24 GHz. End-to-end WPT measurements using a receiving and rectifying module demonstrate 1.746 mW DC power delivery at 1 m across a ±44° steering range. In addition, receiver-side scaling and a five-node LED demonstration verify beam-switched multinode wireless powering. These results demonstrate a feasible 24-GHz ISM band WPT solution for dense IoT deployments.

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