Basic Psychological Needs and Sustained Participation in Men's Sheds: Implications for Well-Being and Suicide Prevention.

Abstract

Older men who endorse traditional masculine values such as stoicism and independence may be less likely to seek help when distressed, increasing vulnerability to social isolation and suicide. Men's Sheds, operating in 12 countries with around 3,000 sheds, offer practical activities, shared purpose, and informal social connection in settings that align with familiar masculine norms while providing support. Despite these benefits, many sheds struggle to maintain member engagement, and little is known about why some men remain involved over the long term while others disengage. This qualitative study, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), explored the processes associated with sustained participation. Twelve retired men aged 65-86 from three Men's Sheds participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were primarily Anglo-Australian, with memberships ranging from 18 months to 25 years. Reflexive thematic analysis identified six themes: tentative beginnings, membership commitment, friendship and belonging, peer support, learning and mastery, and freedom of choice. Participants often joined following life transitions that had disrupted established sources of connection, purpose, capability, and routine. Continued participation was associated with opportunities for social connection and belonging, skill development and sharing, contributing to others, and exercising meaningful choice. These experiences closely corresponded to the SDT needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy. The findings suggest that men's sheds may sustain long-term engagement by providing an environment that supports the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and promotes a renewed sense of purpose and well-being among older men.