Anatomical and physiological features of the lateral pterygoid muscle and its role in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint disorders: a literature review

Abstract

Objective. To analyze current data on the clinical anatomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and to clarify the role of the LPM in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Materials and methods. A review of Russian and international publications from 2021–2026. Results. It was shown that the distinctive morphofunctional feature of the LPM is its integration into the anterior portion of the joint capsule and the medial part of the articular disc, which plays an important role in TMJ function. However, the clinical and neurophysiological phenomena of LPM involvement remain insufficiently studied. Conclusion. The anatomical features of the LPM indicate its important role in the pathogenesis of TMJ dysfunction. There is a need to develop an algorithm for the clinical diagnosis of LPM involvement and to investigate the appropriateness of instrumental examination methods, which would allow refinement of therapeutic approaches.