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Horizontal moments of Kloosterman sums and a density version of sieves

Oct 2026 · 0 citations · 16 references
Mathematics

Abstract

Denote by $\mathrm{Kl}(a,n)$ the normalized Kloosterman sum modulo $n$. In this paper, we study the moments of $|\mathrm{Kl}(1,n)|$ on average over $n\leqslant X$, and show that \begin{align*} \sum_{n\leqslant X}|\mathrm{Kl}(1,n)|\asymp X(\log X)^{\frac{8}{3\pi}-1}. \end{align*} The lower bound is proven by considering a subfamily of moduli which factorize in a nice way such that vertical Sato--Tate distributions of Kloosterman sums (as variants of Katz) apply. The upper bound is based on a new density version of upper bound sieves, combining with averages of divisor functions in arithmetic progressions and a similar vertical Sato--Tate distribution.

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