THE ROLE OF MENTAL HEALTH IN COMPETITIVE SPORT: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS AMONG ATHLETES

Abstract

Background. Historically, the sports culture has prioritized "mental toughness," often viewing psychological vulnerability as a contradiction to elite performance. However, growing evidence suggests that competitive athletes face a unique constellation of various stressors, which if not identified early and treated adequately, may result in mental health disorders. Aim. To draw attention to the importance of psychological well-being of an athlete detailing  prevalence, risk factors and specifics of various mental health conditions in competitive sports and to outline the role of integrated management strategies. Material and methods. A narrative review of existing literature was conducted, incorporating cross-sectional surveys, prospective cohort studies and systematic reviews focused on elite and ultra-endurance athletes. Results. Prevalence rates for mental health symptoms in athletes are comparable or even higher than among the general population, with depression and anxiety affecting up to 34% of elite cohorts. Specific risk factors include musculoskeletal injuries, career transitions, and the individual nature of certain sport disciplines. Conclusions. Integrated management requires a core multidisciplinary team (CMT) to provide holistic care that balances clinical stability with athletic performance maintenance.