Awareness, Knowledge and Risk Perception of Chronic Diseases among University Students in Nigeria: Implications for Early Detection Strategies

Abstract

The prevalence of chronic diseases is rising among younger individuals, yet there is a notable deficiency in both awareness and preventive strategies within various low-and middle-income countries. Gaining insights into young adults' awareness, knowledge, and perceptions is crucial for developing effective intervention programs. This study aimed to assess young adults' awareness, understanding, and perceptions of chronic diseases among students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 undergraduate students selected from Ambrose Alli University in Nigeria, with a total student population of 27,388. Data collection used a structured, self-administered questionnaire to assess awareness, knowledge of risk factors and symptoms, and perceptions of risk and severity. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Many participants demonstrated a general understanding of chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. The average level of knowledge was 3.98 (SD = 1.36), with a possible range of 0 to 9. Nonetheless, respondents showed insufficient knowledge of early signs, symptoms, and related risk factors. Many respondents believed that these illnesses primarily affect older people, which contributed to a reduced sense of personal risk. Furthermore, misconceptions surrounding the onset and prevention of these diseases were observed. Although young adults show significant awareness of chronic diseases, important gaps remain in their knowledge and perceptions of risk. Therefore, targeted health education programs are essential to reduce behaviours that could hinder early detection and prevention of these conditions.