Dhikr and Cognitive Neuroscience

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of anxiety and psychological distress in the post-pandemic era has intensified interest in spiritual and religious sources of mental tranquility. Although previous studies have discussed the psychological and spiritual benefits of dhikr, the relationship between the Qur’anic concept of tranquility and its cognitive-neuroscientific mechanisms remains insufficiently explored through an integrated interdisciplinary framework. This study examines the relationship between dhikr and ṭuma’nīnah in Q.S. Al-Ra‘d [13]: 28 by integrating Qur’anic linguistic-semantic analysis, spiritual exegesis, and cognitive neuroscience. Using qualitative library research, the study analyzes the linguistic structure of the verse, examines interpretations of selected classical and modern mufassir, and reviews relevant findings from neuroscience and cognitive psychology. The findings show that ṭuma’nīnah is presented as a dynamic and continuous process, linguistically reflected in the verbal structure of taṭma’innu. Exegetically, dhikr involves not merely verbal repetition but the internalization of divine awareness within human consciousness. From a cognitive-neuroscientific perspective, repetitive religious and contemplative practices may support emotional regulation, reduce stress reactivity, and promote physiological relaxation. The novelty of this study lies in proposing an integrative framework connecting the linguistic meaning of ṭuma’nīnah, Qur’anic interpretations of dhikr, and contemporary cognitive-neuroscientific perspectives, contributing to an interdisciplinary understanding of Qur’anic spirituality in addressing contemporary psychological challenges.