The Role of Carbon Credits in Decarbonization of Economic Sectors

Abstract

Introduction. The article studies the role of carbon credits in decarbonization of basic economic sectors and the fight against cli­mate change. Reducing the carbon footprint is a pressing challenge, and carbon crediting is a promising mechanism for addressing it, enabling com­panies to offset CO2emissions and fostering a new set of economic regulatory instruments in line with international agreements. Goal. The study is to examine the specific features of the carbon crediting mechanism, its role in decarbonization of the Russian Federation, and to develop recommenda­tions for the allocation of carbon allowances. Materials and methods. The research was conducted using various methods of analysis (systemic, com­parative, structural-dynamic, economic-statistical), as well as grouping, monographic and abstract-logical methods. Results and discussion. Global experience confirms the effectiveness of carbon crediting. Calculations pertaining to the oil and gas sector of the Russian Federation demonstrate significant annual benefits (ranging from 77.3 to 739.2 billion rubles with 80 % free allowances). The development of a national carbon crediting system will mitigate the risks associated with CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism), attract green investments, and strengthen the coun­try’s economic security. Conclusion. A carbon credit is a comprehensive tool that provides economic, environmental, and strategic advantages. The successful implementation of the carbon allowance allocation mechanism depends on state policy, transparent regulation, investment, and adaptability. Despite external restrictions, cooperation with BRICS nations, Asian and the Middle East countries opens pathways for the integration of Russian carbon assets into the global climate economy.