Molecular characterization of selected local prunus genotypes with geographical ındication potential and registered cultivars

Abstract

The genus Prunus possesses rich genetic diversity in terms of local genotypes. The replacement of local plant materials by a limited number of commercial cultivars has increased the risk of genetic erosion. In this study, genetic diversity and relationships between local Prunus genotypes with geographical indication potential and registered cultivars were investigated using SSR markers. A total of 28 cultivars and local genotypes belonging to peach, nectarine, plum, cherry, and almond species were analyzed using 20 SSR markers. Genetic relationships were evaluated using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and the results were supported by heatmap visualizations. The SSR markers showed high discriminatory power, with polymorphism rates ranging from 50.0% to 90.9% and PIC values ranging from 0.55 to 0.86. BBCT002, BBCT009, and BBCT017 were identified as the most informative markers. The analyses revealed distinct intraspecific clustering and clear differentiation of the local genotypes from the commercial cultivars. The findings provide a molecular basis for the conservation and effective utilization of local Prunus genetic resources and the development of geographical indication-oriented strategies.