From Fields to Bodies: The Human Cost of Pesticide and Fertilizer use

Abstract

Fertilizers and pesticides have played a vital role in boosting agricultural output, but their extensive use has raised major concerns regarding human health. Exposure to these agrochemicals can occur through various routes, including direct contact in the workplace, consumption of contaminated food and water, and environmental pollution. This review examines the different types and chemical makeup of these substances, along with how they can harm the body through mechanisms such as hormonal disruption, oxidative damage, nervous system toxicity, and potential links to cancer. Documented health effects include both immediate poisoning and long-term conditions like cancer, fertility problems, and neurological illnesses. Studies from around the world, including clinical and occupational research, underline the rising health burden tied to these chemicals. Although global safety standards exist, enforcement is often lacking, particularly in developing regions. This article highlights the pressing need for safer farming practices like integrated pest management, the use of organic inputs, greater awareness, and improved policy measures to protect public health while maintaining food security.