Effect of Balance Intervention in Improving balance in Patients withParkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive brain condition marked by postural instability, bradykinesia, stiffness,tremor, and other motor abnormalities that impair balance and raise the risk of falls. Physiotherapy is crucial becausepharmaceutical treatments have little effect on postural instability. The efficacy of non-technology-based balance treatmentsfor Parkinson’s disease patients is assessed in this systematic study.Methodology: Randomized controlled trials published between 2015 and 2025 were found through a thorough search ofPubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. PRISMA guidelines were followed in the selection of the study. Tenof the 3055 records that were found satisfied the requirements for inclusion. Included were those studies having a PEDroscore of at least 7. LSVT BIG, dual-task training, perturbation training, core stability training, and organized physiotherapywere among the interventions.Result: Improvements in balance outcomes were statistically significant in all included studies (p < 0.05). While dualtaskand perturbation-based training improved dynamic balance, trunk-focused and LSVT BIG treatments enhancedstatic balance. Static and dynamic balance as well as improved functional mobility were demonstrated by multimodaland organized physiotherapy regimens. When compared to controls, intervention groups continuously showed higherimprovements. Due to small sample sizes and poor blinding, there was a moderate risk of bias.Conclusion: Parkinson’s disease patients functional mobility and balance are successfully enhanced by non-technologybasedPT treatment. To lower the risk of falls and improve quality of life, these measures ought to be incorporated intorehabilitation programs. The limitations of this systematic review include absence of blinding in physiotherapy studies,small sample size, different physiotherapy approaches which included heterogeneity in the study, in some studies therewere limited follow up. Non-technology-based physiotherapy interventions such as LSVT BIG, Dual tasking, perturbationtraining, core stability exercise and multimodal balance program can be implemented into routine rehabilitation to improvebalance and functional mobility in individuals with PD.