Mechanistic Insights into ROS-Mediated Apoptosis and Migration Inhibition Induced by Green-Synthesized Ormocarpum cochinchinense Derived Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Abstract

Cervical cancer is still a cause of death from cancer among women all over the world especially in countries that have low or medium income. This shows how important it is to find more effective ways to treat this disease. This study wanted to make silver nanoparticles using leaf extract from Ormocarpum cochinchinense in a way. The nanoparticles made were checked using UV– spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV–Visible testing showed that the nanoparticles were made and had a peak at 396 nm. FTIR testing showed that the plant made groups that helped in making and keeping the nanoparticles stable. XRD showed that the silver had a crystal structure that's face-centred cubic. The study tested the ability of Ormocarpum cochinchinense-mediated silver nanoparticles (OC-AgNPs) to kill cancer cells. The OC-AgNPs killed cells in a way that depended on how much was used. The highest amount used 200 µg/mL caused the cell death, similar to cisplatin. The treatment made reactive oxygen species inside the cells and caused changes that are linked to cell death, such as cells shrinking, getting rounder not sticking to surfaces having their DNA pack tightly and their nuclei breaking apart. Staining with AO/EtBr showed cell death as the amount of OC-AgNPs increased. Overall, the results show that silver nanoparticles made with Ormocarpum cochinchinense have ability to fight cervical cancer cells. They might work by causing stress from oxygen species and, by making the cells die. More studies are needed to check if they're safe and how well they work in real life.