Estimating carbon emissions for pavement structure under Vietnamese conditions

Abstract

The construction and maintenance of pavement structures significantly contribute to global carbon emissions, emphasizing the need for region-specific studies to address local conditions and practices. This study aims to estimate the carbon emissions associated with pavement structures under Vietnamese conditions, considering factors such as material production, transportation, construction processes, and maintenance activities. A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was employed to quantify emissions across various stages of the pavement life cycle. The study utilized data sourced from official documents required under Vietnam’s construction investment management regulations, including cost estimation files, bill of quantities, and technical specifications. These data provide detailed and standardized input parameters, such as material quantities, energy consumption, and transportation distances. The study also develops a practical tool designed to guide investors and project planners in estimating carbon emissions during the early stages of construction cost estimation. The results highlight the dominant contribution of material production, particularly cement and asphalt, to carbon emissions, along with the significant roles of transportation and construction processes. By integrating this estimation tool into project planning, stakeholders can identify low-carbon alternatives, optimize construction methods, and make informed decisions to minimize environmental impacts. This research provides a practical contribution to sustainable infrastructure development in Vietnam, offering policymakers and practitioners a reliable framework for addressing carbon emissions in the construction sector. Future studies should focus on validating the tool across diverse project types and exploring the application of emerging low-carbon technologies in local construction practices.