CYBER THREATS TO NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY: DRIVERS AND RESPONSE MECHANISMS

Abstract

The article examines modern mechanisms for addressing cyber threats within the state economic security system in the context of digital transformation and the growing scale of cyber risks. The study demonstrates that the digitalization of the financial sector, public administration, critical infrastructure, and business processes, while creating new opportunities for socio-economic development, significantly increases the vulnerability of economic systems to cyberattacks, digital fraud, and other forms of cybercrime. The purpose of the study is to generalize international experience and systematize modern mechanisms for addressing cyber threats in the context of ensuring state economic security. The methodological framework is based on the methods of systems analysis, comparative analysis, structural-functional analysis, logical generalization, and graphical visualization of research findings. The article identifies and systematizes the key drivers of cyber threat development, including the growing scale of cyberattacks, increasing economic losses caused by cyber incidents, the growing sophistication of cyber threats, increasing digital interdependence of economic systems, the intensification of hybrid threats, changes in the international regulatory environment, increasing dependence on digital infrastructure, and the human factor. International approaches to cyber risk management are analyzed based on the experience of the European Union, Estonia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Singapore. Their key characteristics and the potential for adaptation to the Ukrainian context are identified. A comparative analysis of the legal and regulatory framework for countering cyber threats in Ukraine and the European Union is conducted, making it possible to identify priority areas for harmonizing the national cybersecurity system with European standards. The study also identifies key directions for improving the national system for addressing cyber threats, including the development of risk-oriented management, strengthening interagency coordination, expanding public-private partnerships, and implementing modern mechanisms for ensuring digital resilience. The practical implications of the research lie in the possibility of applying its findings to improve national cybersecurity policy, harmonize Ukrainian legislation with European requirements, and enhance cyber risk management mechanisms in the context of the digital transformation of the economy.