Sustainable Food Production and Agricultural Low-Carbon Transition under Climate Change: Evidence from Precision Agriculture and Regenerative Farming Practices

Abstract

Climate change poses a major threat to global food systems through rising temperatures, extreme weather, soil degradation, and water shortages. Meanwhile, agriculture remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane and nitrous oxide emissions generated from livestock production and fertilizer application. This paper examines how sustainable agricultural technologies can support a low-carbon transition without sacrificing food security. Drawing on literature review, comparative analysis, and case studies from China, the Netherlands, and the United States, the study evaluates the effectiveness of precision agriculture, regenerative farming, and renewable-energy-based agricultural systems. The research also includes carbon emission estimation, soil carbon sequestration analysis, and crop productivity comparisons to assess environmental and economic performance. Results indicate that precision irrigation, AI-assisted fertilizer management, no-tillage farming, and agroforestry systems can substantially reduce carbon emissions and improve soil quality. Government policy support and international climate cooperation are also essential for accelerating agricultural sustainability. This study demonstrates that integrating technological innovation with ecological management provides an effective pathway toward climate-resilient and low-carbon agricultural development.