Veterinary Control Measures in Equine Infectious Anemia: Implications for Food Safety

Abstract

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a persistent viral disease with a significant impact on equine health and the livestock sector. In the absence of effective therapeutic methods, disease control relies entirely on the implementation of sanitary-veterinary measures. The aim of this study is to analyze, based on the available scientific literature, the role of these measures in limiting the spread of the EIA virus. The objectives include identifying the main control strategies, evaluating the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance programs, and highlighting the implications for food safety. The analysis of the available evidence indicates that the implementation of systematic testing programs, together with appropriate biosecurity measures, significantly contributes to reducing disease prevalence. In addition, restrictions on animal movement and effective control of biological vectors play a crucial role in preventing the spread of infection. Although EIA is not a zoonotic disease, its impact on animal health, equine welfare, and the equine industry has indirect implications for food chain safety through its effects on veterinary public health, animal movement, and regulatory compliance. Effective control of equine infectious anemia therefore requires an integrated approach based on rigorous sanitary-veterinary measures, continuous surveillance, and strict adherence to animal health regulations.