The Effect Of Corporate Tax, Leverage, And Tunneling Incentive On Transfer Pricing

Abstract

Transfer pricing has become an important issue in corporate transactions because related-party transactions may create opportunities for companies to determine prices that differ from market-based conditions, potentially affecting the fairness of tax obligations and financial reporting. This issue is particularly relevant for manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI), where corporate tax, leverage, and foreign ownership may influence transfer pricing practices. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between corporate tax, leverage, foreign ownership, and transfer pricing among manufacturing companies listed on ISSI during 2020–2024. This study employs a quantitative explanatory research design using panel data regression. Secondary data were obtained from the annual financial statements of companies that met the sampling criteria. The population consisted of 72 manufacturing companies listed on ISSI during 2020–2024, from which 9 companies were selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 45 firm-year observations. The results indicate that corporate tax is not statistically significant in explaining transfer pricing, with a coefficient of 0.009858 and a probability value of 0.3349. Leverage has a positive and statistically significant relationship with transfer pricing, with a coefficient of 0.259339 and p < 0.001. Foreign ownership also has a positive and statistically significant relationship with transfer pricing, with a coefficient of 0.364803 and a probability value of 0.0002. Jointly, corporate tax, leverage, and foreign ownership are statistically significant in explaining transfer pricing, with an F-statistic of 22.09181 and p < 0.001. The adjusted R-squared of 0.589841 indicates that the model explains 58.98% of the variation in the transfer pricing proxy.