Leveraging Blockchain Innovation for Improving Transparency and Integrity in Public Infrastructure Procurement Process in Nigeria

Abstract

In Nigeria, public procurement constitutes more than 80% of the government expenditure. Governments in Nigeria spend up to 10-25% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on procurement of goods, services and works. Unfortunately, this substantial outlay has been threatened by increasing rates of corruption and inefficiencies in procurement processes. Blockchain presents a promising solution to the persistent problems through digitalisation of transactions, increased transparency, immutable record keeping and automated Smart Contracts that minimise malpractice and human discretion. The research seeks to explore the use of blockchain technology in enhancing procurement transparency and integrity in Nigeria's public infrastructure development. The study adopted a quantitative research design, employing a stratified random sampling method for the selection of the sample. A sample size of 68 respondents, distributed across all six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, was selected to provide adequate data. A structured questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The analysis of the collected data was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics (reliability test and multiple regression analysis). The findings of the research show a positive relationship between the implementation of blockchain and improvement in procurement transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Challenges like regulatory environment, environmental sustainability, infrastructure, scalability, and interoperability persist. Recommendations include regulatory framework updates to accommodate digital ledger technologies, adequate training for procurement personnel on blockchain operations, and a multi-dimensional strategy for validating blockchain solutions. This research contributes to the development of a framework for digital governance and infrastructure procurement by outlining empirical insights, theoretical foundations, and practical suggestions for adopting blockchain technology, informing practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to minimise corruption and improve integrity in infrastructure procurement in Nigeria.