Sospecha clínica, diagnóstico y barreras socioculturales del autismo en Guinea Ecuatorial

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents one of the main neurodevelopmental challenges in resource-limited countries, where difficulties in early detection are exacerbated by a shortage of specialized professionals, insufficient availability of diagnostic tools adapted to the sociocultural context, and limited community knowledge about this condition. The objective of this study was to characterize cases of children with suspected ASD treated at the La Esperanza Center of the NGO Autismo Guinea Ecuatorial, analyzing the diagnostic practices employed and the sociocultural barriers that hinder access to timely diagnosis, in comparison with the evidence available in Sub-Saharan Africa. A mixed-methods, parallel convergent design was used. The quantitative phase comprised an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study conducted with a purposive sample of 24 children aged 1 to 5 years seen between December 2025 and June 2026. The qualitative phase included semi-structured interviews with professionals and family members to explore experiences, perceptions, and obstacles related to the diagnostic process. The results revealed delays in clinical identification, insufficient access to specialized services, and a marked influence of sociocultural factors that hinder access to care. It is concluded that strengthening early detection, professional training, and the development of contextualized public policies are priorities for improving comprehensive care for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Equatorial Guinea