Retrospective analysis of clinical and therapeutic features and structure of complications of inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract

Objective: to characterize the treatment features and the structure of IBD complications in patients of the gastroenterology department of a multidisciplinary hospital. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of 287 medical records of patients (223 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 64 with Crohn’s disease (CD)) who underwent inpatient treatment in the gastroenterology department of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 in 2024–2025 was carried out. Results: the structure of IBD was dominated by UC (77.7%). The dominance of severe forms was noted: pancolitis in UC (84%), a stricturing/penetrating phenotype in CD (73%). Complications were recorded in the majority of patients: extra-intestinal manifestations were detected in 41.5% of patients, strictures in CD in 65.6% of patients, C. difficile-associated infection in 10.8% of the examined. A high frequency of therapy ineffectiveness was revealed: steroid resistance/dependence (11.1%), thiopurine intolerance (7.3%), secondary resistance to biological therapy (22.2% of those receiving GIBT). Conclusions: the analysis confirmed the trend towards severe and complicated IBD in the inpatient cohort, which requires early appointment and optimization of biological therapy using therapeutic drug monitoring, as well as a multidisciplinary approach to managing complications.